Dr. Grushka graduated from Dentistry at the University of Toronto and completed her Ph.D. studies in Dentistry at the same university in 1986. During her Ph. D. studies, she also taught in the Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine and Temporomandibular Joint Clinics. During this period, she worked as a Research Fellow at the Toronto General Hospital Mouth Clinic, a clinic designed for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with orofacial pain and oral lesions. In 1986, she qualified as a Diplomate of the American Board of Oral Medicine. In 1988, she completed a two-year Post-Doctoral fellowship in the area of facial pain. In 1996, Dr. Grushka graduated from the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education with an M. Ed. in Counselling Psychology. In 1997, She became a certified Specialist in Oral Medicine in the Province of BC and a Diplomate of the American Board of Orofacial Pain Dr. Grushka has lectured widely throughout Canada and the United States in the field of oral medicine. more... See more text